AES Corporation management (Organizational Behavior) Essay

AES Corporation the executives (Organizational Behavior) - Essay Example Fund the executives is vital and the way that we have had the option to endure the current money related weights demonstrates our monetary quality. We promptly found a way to lessen capital use, arranged off resources, sold value to meet the edge calls, conserved, and pulled back from dangerous business zones. We know that AES will most likely be unable to get to the capital market and needs to depend on the inside produced reserves. Furthermore, according to the experts report we will be unable to order a reasonable incentive for the benefits that we set available to be purchased yet the chiefs have just found a way to give an increasingly significant liquidity pad. This will leave us a superior promoted and more grounded organization with less income instability. Offering power contracts isn't an issue since individuals have the aptitude to support rivalry like Shell and Bechtel. The spotlight currently ought not be on the financial specialists, however on accomplishing liquidity. The various fronts have been assaulted all the while. Hierarchical changes have just been made so as to upgrade working execution, further decrease of working costs, income improvements. Two extraordinary workplaces †the Cost Cutting Office and the Turnaround Office would aid better coordination on the board of costs. It would likewise help with taking brief choices to arrange off or hold organizations. Aside from these, what else can another directorate do? Disappointments of organizations like Kellogg and Apple, who shared the vision of elective sort of big business.

Who are special needs children

Who are exceptional necessities kids The term, sprecial-needs youngsters is characterized as kids whose formative as well as conduct requires help or intercession past the extent of the normal study hall or grown-up communications. Around 15 to 20 percent of all youngsters in the United States will show some type of atypicall improvement and need uncommon administrations (Bee, 1995). These youngsters incorporate kids with learning inabilities (LD), Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Down Syndrome kids, truly and intellectually impaired kids and talented children.Children with learning incapacities may have poor memory aptitudes, inconvenience following headings, eye-hand cordination issues and issue with recognizing letters, numbers and sounds.There is no logical clarification why kids have learning handicaps, yet a few specialists accept the reason might be because of slight mind damage.ADHD influences up to 5 percent of kids up to the period of 18(Walls, 1994. At the p oint when hyperactivity segments are absent, it is analyzed as Attention Deficit Disorder, or ADD.Ginkgo is a characteristic enhancement utilized by some with A...Children with ADHD are inclined to fretfulness, nervousness, limited ability to focus and hastiness. They experience difficulty tuning in, staying situated, cooperating with others and are handily occupied. A youngster with ADHD will show extraordinary indications, as a rule before the time of 7.The most basic prescription for kids with ADHD is an amphetamine called Ritalin, which delivers an incomprehensible impact. The speed animates the cerebral cortex, permitting the cerebrum to oversee approaching tactile data efficently. Ritalin is disputable since the symptoms can be very genuine, for example, hindering growth.Down Syndrome is one of the most widely recognized and effortlessly decided types of mental retardiation. It influences 1 of every 100 births among ladies younger than 35 and 5 for every 100 of lady over 40.Do wn Syndrome, earlier called mongolism, is brought about by a chromosal abnomality. The influenced...

Vicarious Liability and the Close Connection Test Essay

Vicarious Liability and the Close Connection Test - Essay Example In Lister, the nearby association test was first counted, finding that it was reasonable and just to locate a nearby association between the superintendent's sexual maltreatment of young men in his consideration and his obligations as a superintendent. At the end of the day, for this situation, it found that the sexual maltreatment was inseparably woven in the obligations of the superintendent, in that if the superintendent didn't have the obligations that he didâ - determining the status of youngsters around evening time, alone †at that point the superintendent would not have the chance to explicitly mishandle the young men in his consideration. While this case was milestone, in that it put managers on the snare for deliberate torts if the purposeful torts emerged in light of the fact that the obligations of the worker basically permitted the deliberate tort to happen, this standard isn't adequately brilliant line to incorporate each circumstance. This rule would become an in tegral factor on account of Dubai Aluminum v. Salaam as well.â For the situation of Dubai, the inquiry was whether the firm would be at risk for tortious demonstrations of an individual from the organization, just as acts which would be viewed as evenhanded wrongs, for example, the wrongs which were occupied with by Salaam in this case.â There are components of operator and standard for this situation, in light of the fact that Amhurst for this situation would be viewed as a specialist of the specialist firm that he was an accomplice of.â However, for this situation, it was held to be in the normal course of business, so both tortious wrongs and unscrupulous breaks would make the firm vicariously at risk, hence the rule ought to be on the snare for the specialist's acts.... I case, it has for quite some time been an occupant for torts that it doesn't make a difference if something is explicitly prohibited †commonly the business would in any case be at risk for the activities of the representative. This guideline was set up in 1862 with the instance of Limpus v. London General Omnibus Co.2 In the Limpus case, the organization explicitly told the driver of the omnibus not to race different omnibuses, yet the driver did this, and the omnibus upset. In any case, the Limpus case is hard to square with another case with comparable realities, which found that if a worker accomplishes something that isn't finished with the information or assent of the business, this regularly implies the business isn't vicariously subject for the subsequent carelessness, which puts the onus on the harmed party. The case is Conway v. George Wimpey and Co. Ltd.3 In the Conway case, the representative got the offended party, who was likewise a worker, and got into a mishap. S ince the business didn't know nor approve the representative to do this, it was held that the business was not at risk. This is by all accounts a subjective case, considering the standards set out in Limpus. New Close Connection Test While the old test expresses that businesses are commonly no at risk for their employees’ purposeful acts, this has been advancing. Think about the instance of Lister v. Hesley Hall Ltd.4 This clearly was one of the primary occasions that businesses are supposed to be obligated for purposeful demonstrations of their workers. In Lister, the nearby association test was first counted, finding that it was reasonable and just to locate a nearby association between the superintendent's sexual maltreatment of young men in his consideration and his obligations as a superintendent. At the end of the day, for this situation, it found that the sexual maltreatment was inseparably woven in the obligations of the superintendent, in that if the superintendent d idn't have

Mathematics and English Sentences Essay Example for Free

Arithmetic and English Sentences Essay The request for activities was created years back. Somebody simply settled on a request in which activities ought to be performed. It has nothing to do with enchantment or rationale. Somebody chose to receive a way, and it has been finished out history. It makes correspondence simpler. Accentuation marks are utilized in any language to clarify what we need to state. Accentuation marks are similarly as significant in number sentences as they are in English sentences. Without being told by an image or some different methods, we don't realize whether to do the increase or the expansion first. To keep away from the disarray of such an articulation naming two distinct numbers, let us use enclosures to demonstrate which activity is to be first. At the point when some portion of a number sentence is encased inside enclosures, think about that as naming one number. It is regularly concurred that when more than one activity, or the entirety of the tasks, are demonstrated in a similar articulation, we duplicate and gap first, at that point include and take away going from left to right. Similarly as accentuation marks are utilized to make sentences, the request for tasks are utilized to bode well. At whatever point the request for activity isn't shown by gathering images, there is a standard request of tasks to be followed. That request is Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition and Subtraction from left to right. In arithmetic, more than in some different types of composed articulation, uncertainty must be disposed of. Something else, various individuals may appoint various implications to similar images, and correspondence is flawed. Equivocalness is killed utilizing gathering images and the request for tasks rule.

Media and Justin Bieber Essay - 550 Words

Media and Justin Bieber (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Institution:Course:Date of submission:Media and Justin BieberIntroduction.Contemporary media in the form of radio, internet, newspapers and television has enabled people to hear and see global events as they occur (Coleman, Stephen and Karen 34). Media has allowed people to engage and access information in many forms at any time. The modern media is instant, multimodal and accessible, therefore, providing opportunities that never existed before (Coleman, Stephen and Karen 35). For instance, it has given celebrities exposure and publicity, therefore, contributing to their careers. As much as media can contribute to a sense of public life for famous celebrities, it could also be detrimental. This paper will analyze the recent arrest of Justin Bieber in an attempt to examine ways in which modern media forms are contributing to a sense of public life or discussion and sometimes being detrimental to it.Justin Bieber Arrest.Justin Bieber was arrested at 4 AM in Miami a nd charged for drunken driving, driving without a license, overspeeding and resisting arrest charges. According to police report, Justin did not cooperate with the officers but, rather used some abusive language questioning why he was stopped and arrested. The officers who arrested Justin described him as having bloodshot eyes, flushed face and odor of alcohol. According to a CNN Interview with Miami Beach Police Sgt, Justin did not pass the sobriety test. Later, he confessed of having consumed prescription medication and some alcohol and even having smoked marijuana. Bieber was then booked to a Miami jail where he later appeared to a Miami judge through a video link and was released on a standard bond of $2,500 in the following day's afternoon. As he left the jail, a massive number of screaming fans and journalists were waiting for him outside.Contribution of Media to Public life/Discussion.Through examination of how Justin Bieber's arrest was carried on by the media, it is possibl e to highlight how contemporary media is contributing to a sense of public life or discussion. First, internet, radio, newspapers and television enables communication between those who are informed and those who are not. After Justin Bieber's arrest, it only took a few hours for the media fraternity to learn about the unfolding events. The public at large started to learn of Bieber's arrest through social media communications before radios and televisions could learn of the event. Infact, CNN did put an eye catching headline of Bieber's arrest which was broadcast internationally that morning. Millions of Bieber's social media fans took to their Tweeter and Facebook accounts to express their mixed reactions regarding the arrest of their famed superstar. It is through instant communications by use of media tools/ that the public was able to discuss and express their feelings.Ways in which media could be detrimental to public life/discussion.As much as the media contributed a lot in ma king Bieber to be famous, the same media could have detrimental effects by publicizing him negatively on the public domain. Evidently, the followers of Bieber in his social media accounts expressed their sorrow and disappointment to the troubled superstar. The following morning after Bieber's arrest, he became top six in the rank of the most trending hash tags in U.S on Twitter with majority of users expressing outright disappointment and negative emotions towards the star. Additionally, television broadcasting stations such as CNN gave Beiber a negative publicity a...

Financial Aid Navigating the Waters

Imagine getting into your dream college: You wake up one morning to your mom’s voice calling, â€Å"There’s mail for you.† You bolt out of your room, socks sliding on the floor, robe flapping as you sprint down a flight of stairs. In a brilliant impression of Tom Cruise in Risky Business, you slide into the kitchen, breathless. There on the counter is a fat envelope with your name on it. In a flurry of paper bits, you rip it to shreds. Golden light illuminates your kitchen, angels sing as you extract the thin sheet of paper that says, â€Å"You’re in.† But the music stops and the lights switch off as you extract the next piece of paper that reads, â€Å"Financial Information.† Is that the theme music to Jaws you hear playing in the background? It’s true that for some, paying for college is as scary as the prospect of being eaten by a shark. Private four-year colleges can cost more than $35,000 per year. For example, Sarah Lawrence Co llege in Bronxville, N.Y., charges $57,556 total per year for tuition, fees, room, and board. Even more outrageous is the fact that college prices continue to escalate. Since 1981, tuition and fees associated with higher education have risen six fold, and this trend shows no signs of slowing down. According to The College Board, the average family paid about $172 to $1,096 more in tuition this year than they did last year. In response to this information, one high school junior says, â€Å"It is definitely worrisome, especially in the economy we’re in right now.† Another student fumes, â€Å"The price of college is outrageous. I think that colleges are selfish!† Of course most college-bound students will receive financial help from their university of choice. Last year, the average amount of aid that a full-time undergraduate received was $11,500. Unfortunately, many students are confused as to how the process of applying for such aid actually works. Families a re expected to contribute as much as they can afford; this ability is known as the â€Å"expected family contribution,† or â€Å"EFC.† To determine this value, household information is taken into account, including parents’ marital status, the family size, and home state. For example, a student coming from a family of three or more kids, especially if some of those kids are in college already, will not be expected to pay the same amount for college as a student who is an only child. In the next and probably most important section reserved for finances, families will be required to submit all financial information. Some high school students may not be aware that not only is a family’s annual income taken into account, but assets like savings and real estate investments are also factored into the financial aid equation. For example, second home ownership may hurt a student’s chances of receiving a large financial aid grant. Based on these parameter s, if a student is expected to contribute less than what his or her college of choice costs, then the difference is known as â€Å"financial need.† Colleges try to meet this need, though some may be surprised to know that need is not always met through aid grants. The type of financial assistance awarded to a student varies among schools, and can take the form of student loans and jobs. Furthermore, aid grants themselves can vary because each school is allowed to set its own policies for awarding financial aid. A student may receive significantly more money from one institution than another simply based on each school’s policies. But what is an aspiring undergraduate to do if he or she is still short on cash, even after a financial aid award? Never fear. There are many scholarships available to all kinds of students, not just valedictorians with 2400’s on their SATs. To research scholarships, check out the College Board’s scholarship finder online. Stud ent loans are always an option, but a little creativity is all that is needed to make the college experience significantly more affordable. High school seniors should consider less expensive room and meal plans, or apply to become a resident advisor once after a few years. â€Å"RA’s† may have to go through a rigorous training process and supervise their peers, but they receive free room and board. Furthermore, most colleges have student employment offices to help undergrads find part-time work. It’s also fairly easy to find discounted books and school supplies, especially if they are used. Finally, aid grants can always be contested in the financial aid office, so if a financial burden proves to be truly unbearable, it’s possible to have the financial aid grant reevaluated. Paying for college is a daunting task for most American teenagers, but it is certainly not insurmountable. For some, the hard work of getting into college is only the first step. Ho wever, it is important to remember something Thomas Jefferson once said, â€Å"I’m a great believer in luck. The harder I work, the more if it I have.† Even though the "college ocean" might sometimes appear to be infested with sharks, creativity and hard work can help make the college experience smooth sailing all the way.

An Analysis Of Yakuzaian History, Beliefs, And Traditions

An Analysis of Yakuzaian History, Beliefs, and Traditions Eastern Asian Cinema Comm 162 Professor Min By David J Sasso Jr Japan’s criminal underworld began apparently in the seventeenth century in the Edo or Tokugawa eras. The Azuchi-Moyama was apparently a period where unification ceased in the year 1603, and the Tokugawa Shogunate gained control over the Japanese government bringing with it two hundred fifty years of peace. It was towards the middle of this era that three early versions of what today we know as the Yakuza surfaced: the shishi, the tekiya, and lastly the bakuto. It was the shishi that were commonly referred to as the strong arm protectors of the early modern state of Japan. They became increasingly disgruntled with the Tokugawa Shogunate which forced them to wage war against the government they swore to protect. The shishi did not outlast the Meiji Restoration period, but helped to instill loyalty in the later branches of the early Yakuza. The tekiya, who are also referred to as the yashi who were opportunistic peddlers uniting as gangs, and the bakuto were authoritative underworld gamblers who initiated the lucrative business of money lending or† loan sharking.† While it was the shishi that involved themselves in political endeavors because of their legitimate concern for their nation, it was the bakuto who submerged themselves in governmental endeavors because of their physical ability. These violence specialists as they were

Advertising to Children - 1963 Words

Advertising to children has existed for a long time; however what has changed is the amount of advertising and the media through which it comes. Today’s commercials are more sophisticated and pervasive, it is not that the products are good or bad, it is the notion of manipulating children to buy the product. Children are not little adults and their minds are not fully developed, still marketers are playing to their developmental vulnerability. The advertising that children are exposed to today is honed by psychologist and is enhanced by media technologies (Clay, 2000). The issues surround the impact of commercial culture and children’s well-being usually generates plumes of steam and everyone gets excited about it. However there seem to†¦show more content†¦Young children are targeted not just to sell products to, but to generate interest or hype in the product whereby, eventually capturing brand loyalty at a young age. This action is also important for adults too; however advertisers know that adults have already accepted their brand preference and purchasing habits. Children spend numerous amount of time watching television, playing videogames, and using computers. For businesses, these children represent the ultimate prize, an unprecedented, powerful, and elusive new demographic to profit from. Their goals now are to insinuate their brands into these children’s lives and marketers have begun to place products directly into children entertainment by subtle â€Å"product placement†. Product placement which is the significant placement of product within movies or television programs (OQuinn, Thomas C; Allen, Chris D; Semenik, Richard J, 2009). According to the text, advertiser love the exposure that product placement provides because many consumers have turned to solutions that avoids traditional advertising, with technology like the TiVo, the consumer can skip commercials. Competition can be intense and businesses go to ethically questionable extreme ways of pushing goods, services, and beliefs. When children see a movie and then tries to replicate the script with the aid of toys, that message they are getting is; whenever they play, they should play like the movie. Since they haveShow MoreRelatedAdvertising Targeted to Children Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pagesdecisions on our own to not be manipulated by advertisement we encounter today but what is the there to regulate advertisement aimed to children in today’s society? In order to control advertisement targeted to children the government must set up laws to regulate what is shown because if advertisement goes unregulated the hidden effects and causes will lead our children to a variable amount of things such as health, poor future decisions and even a child’s behavior. According to CBS News In 1983,Read MoreAdvertising and Children. ORAL PRESENTATION1850 Words   |  8 PagesHOW ADVERTISERS ARE TARGETTING KIDS ( techniques) -psychology and kidsmarketing To effectively market to children, advertisers need to know what makes kids tick. With the help of well-paid researchers and psychologists, advertisers now have access to in-depth knowledge about children s developmental, emotional and social needs at different ages. Using research that analyzes children s behaviour, fantasy lives, art work, even their dreams, companies are able to craft sophisticated marketingRead MoreThe Frightening Effects of Aggressive Advertising Targeting Children1386 Words   |  5 PagesFrightening Effects of Aggressive Advertising Targeting Children Modern society in the United States is driven by consumerism, advertising is key. For this reason companies have been increasingly targeting children in an effort to increase sales and loyalty to their brands. Brand loyalty is key to their future sales and greatly increases future revenues. For this reason large corporations have been studying and working with large advertising firms in an effort to capture children attention and curiosityRead MoreThe Government Should Limit Advertising Aimed At Children876 Words   |  4 PagesThe Government Should Limit Advertising Aimed at Children The government should exercise more control and limits on advertising that is aimed at children. Children are the leaders of the future and the children watch on average two or more hours of television a day. These are children’s most formative years. When children form ideas that prove to be substance of how they will think as adults. There are several reasons why advertising aimed at young children should be banned. Advertisers andRead MoreAdvertising Of Advertising On Children1304 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertisements surround the daily lives of all people: children, adults, males, females, everyone is in some way affected by advertisements. Advertising is defined as a call to the public’s attention to a business, usually for the purpose of selling products and services, through the use of various forms of media, such as print or broadcast notices by Entrepreneur. Advertising is also a â€Å"line of communication† with customers to a company’s product. When advertising a new product, companies need to think carefullyRead MoreHow does advertisement influence peoples behaviour?1319 Words   |  6 Pagesis everywhere. In every abundance walk of life, there are huge competitions. As a result, advertisement has become more important. If you can be more noticeable, it means you would have chances to market. Therefore, advertising has great impact on different people. Advertising, is mainly used in market, refer to marketing message, which is presented by an identified sponsor in extinctive media such as the television, newspapers, radio, magazines and Internet. The term may be used to refer toRead MoreMarketing And Children Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican children are consumers of media and are exposed to a plethora of messages on a daily basis, most targeted directly at them (Neeley 2004). And there are not just one, but at least three groups who are out to take advertising to children out back for a spanking! One example of marketing towards the youth market is the Kelloggs website Fun-K-Town. The site is devoted solely to kids and their favorite breakfast brands through the use of games. The site is looked at in depth below. Read MoreThe Government Should Exercise More Control And Limits On Advertising868 Words   |  4 Pagesshould exercise more control and limits on advertising that is aimed at children. Children are the leaders of the future and the children watch on average two or more hours of television a day. These are children’s most formative years. When children form ideas that prove to be substance of how they will think as adults. There are several reasons why advertising aimed at young children should be banned. Advertisers and marketers influence young children. Children are the future leaders of our world.Read MoreEvaluating Attainment by Children: Bridging Conspicuous Consumption with Fundamental Elements of Obtaining Commodities 1747 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity acknowledgment and action to respond to issues at hand. (Tepperman Curtis, 2011, p. 3). This paper will discuss the growing concern of materialistic children as a global crisis and recognizing catalysts that fuel the adolescent addiction to consumption. The current capitalist system that looms over society relies on the principle that children from an early age must become consumers to ensure global economies prosper through mass individual spending on goods and services (Preston, 2005; OBarrRead MoreAdvertisements Exploiting Children1837 Words   |  8 PagesAre current practises of advertising to children exploitative? What restrictions s hould be placed on advertising to children? Up until recently, parents had been the intended target audience for advertising efforts aimed for children of young age groups. However it is now the children who have become the main focus. The growth in advertising channels reaching children and the privatisation of children’s media use have resulted in a dramatic increase in advertising directly intended for the eyes

Guns, Germs, and Steel Essay - 2859 Words

Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, by Jared Diamond, attempts to explain why history progressed differently for people from various geographical regions. Diamond introduces his book by pointing out that history followed different courses for different people because of differences among peoples’ environments, not because of biological differences among people themselves. Through his convincing explanation for how civilizations were created and evolved throughout the course of history, he argues that environmental factors gave some societies advantages over others, allowing them to conquer the disadvantaged societies. While I agree with Diamond’s argument that the orientation of continental axis, availability of potential†¦show more content†¦The establishment of food production proved to be more fulfilling than hunting and gathering since it reduced the risk of starvation. Despite being provided with some of the advantages that came with tran sitioning to agriculture, many regions remained as hunter-gatherers. While some areas, such as the Fertile Crescent and Eurasia, had many advantageous plants and animals that could be domesticated, other areas, New Guinea, Eastern United States, and Mesoamerica, possessed limited availability. Some areas are simply not suited to agriculture of any kind, while others may support some crops that are suitable for domestication but not others. Likewise, while there were big animals living in several regions, those species were not suitable for domestication since they did not follow the six requirements, which involved being sufficiently obedient, humble to humans, cheap to feed, able to breed well in captivity, immune to diseases, able to grow rapidly (Diamond 1999, 169). On the other hand, in some areas, food production developed independently. However, only a few places developed food production without any outside influence, which included the Fertile Crescent in western Eurasia, Ch ina, the eastern United States, Mesoamerica, and New Guinea. In the Andes and Amazonians, and three areas of Africa, food production was also probably an independent development, but there areShow MoreRelatedGuns, Germs, And Steel953 Words   |  4 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel Book Review Why do the origins of every major civilization lead to European conquest and settlement? How did Europe somehow gain the upper hand so early in history? Gun, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies delivers a clear theory as to why the Europeans were able to conquer almost the entire world in less then one millennium. Jared Diamond, an esteemed historian takes readers on a journey through time. He explains that through many different factors andRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel1127 Words   |  5 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel In his work, â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel† (W. W. Norton, New York, NY, 1997) Jared Diamond attempts to explain why human history has carried out the way it has, he often refers to accounts from history to support his argument. Accounts that will be deemed adequate will discuss specific groups of people, at a specified period of time. Diamond suggests that guns, germs, and steel are three contributing factors for why the world is in its current state. It is not difficult to recognizeRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel1490 Words   |  6 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel. Jared Diamond discusses the reasons why geographical and environmental factors lead to a more rapid progression of certain civilizations throughout history. The book Guns, Germs and Steel portrays an argument that due to some societies’ access to an area witch contains sufficient amounts of wildlife and climates that are easily inhabitable, these societies developed into more advanced ways of living much easier and also earlier than societies who lacked these geographicalRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel1145 Words   |  5 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel Prologue: 1. Yali’s question puzzles over why the white people have become more successful than others. Diamond states that Eurasian societies were set to dominate from before 3000 B.C. He wants to know why other races are unable to be as advanced with technology and power. 2. Diamond’s first objection is implying that if we explain why some people rule over others we’re okay with the domination by others. His second reason explains that Europeans are disappearing anyways andRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel Essay The historical book Gun, Germs, and Steel written by Jared Diamond explains a variety of different themes as to why the world came to be as it is today. The differences in technology and advances differing between other countries. Why is Eurasia more advanced and innovated than other continents like, the Americas? Why didn’t every country develop to an equal pace in advancement? Diamond’s major theme is that environmental differences influenced the differences in theRead MoreGuns Germs And Steel Summary955 Words   |  4 PagesJared Diamond’s theory of global differences in his book entitled â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel† is the result of geography and climate and not human differences such as race and culture. Jared Diamond is a biology professor at the University of California. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. While studying birds in Papua New Gui nea he was asked the question of â€Å"Why you white men have so much cargoRead MoreGuns, Germs And Steel Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesGuns, Germs and Steel By Jared Diamond In the book Guns, Germs and Steel Jared Diamond who is a biophysics scientist and a psychologist, set out on a journey to find out the reason behind great achievements and conquest of the Europeans. What is the secret of success of Europeans? His hypothesis was very original and at first looked very simple, it was guns, germs and steel. The journey of Diamond took over 30 years and helped him answer the main questions of human history and what is it thatRead MoreGuns Germs and Steel Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesAtahualpa. In a vain attempt to save Atahualpa, his subjects assembled one of the largest ransoms in history, an estimated $30 million worth of gold and silver. 7. Pizzarro completely surprised and overwhelmed Atahualpa’s empire; Pizzarro had guns germs and steel where the Incas didn’t. Pizzarro also had horses that terrified the Incas having never seen it. Pizzarro also had a written language and the Incas did not. 8. Availability of more consumable calories means more people equals strength ofRead MoreSummaries of Guns Germs and Steel2509 Words   |  11 Pagesadaptations. Chapter 3: Collision at Cajamarca Diamond details the conquest by Francisco Pizarro and a few hundred men over the Inca emperor at Cajamarca Peru in 1532. With the help of advanced steel weapons and armor, and horses and cavalry the Incas were easily defeated. They also brought new diseases, maritime, early guns, and centralized political organization. These however were only the small causes leading to the conquest--what allowed such a dominant culture to develop in the first place? ChapterRead MoreAp Guns Germs And Steel3483 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter 1: â€Å"Up to the Starting Line† 1. When did the history of humans begin? Around 50,000 years ago. â€Å"Human history at last took off around 50,000 years ago...† (Page 39) 2. Humans developed on what continent? Humans developed in Africa. â€Å"†¦, indicates that the earliest stages of human evolution were also played out in Africa.† (Page 36) 3. The Giant Leap forward occurred when? Around the time human history started, 50,000 years ago. â€Å"Human History at last took off

Justice in Hamlet - 1412 Words

In the revenge play of Hamlet, the idea of poetic justice can be seen throughout the play various times. Shakespeare allows the reader to understand the mistakes of each character by killing them off in a justly manner. While seeking revenge, the main characters of the play earn their poetic ending, permitting Shakespeare to restore the karmic balance of the play. Claudius, Leartes, Polonius, are all killed poetically as a direct result of their actions, while Ophelia is used to reiterate the poetic justices in the other character because of the fact that she is not killed poetically. Claudius poisoned King Hamlet in order to become King himself. While he feels the guilt of killing his brother, Claudius doesn’t want to give up the fruits†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Marry, well said, very well said. Look you, sir, Inquire me first what Danskers are in Paris, And how, and who, what means, and where they keep What company at what expense; and finding By this encompassment and drift of question That they do know my son, come you more nearer Than your particular demands will touch it. Take you, as twere, some distant knowledge of him, As thus: â€Å"I know his father and his friends, And, in part, him.† Do you mark this, Reynaldo? (A.II.sc.i.ln 6-15).† Polonius wants to know what is Laertes doing and has sent Reynaldo to do his spying for him. We can see how these actions and character traits will continue throughout the play and will lead to his poetic death. Even though his death is an accident, he gets what he deserves because he is wher e he shouldn’t be: the King and Queen’s chambers. Hamlet thinks he is Claudius and that is why he kills him. When Hamlet finds out that it is, in fact, Polonius he says, â€Å"Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell. I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune. Thou findst to be too busy is some danger. (A.III.sc.iv.ln 32-34).† Polonius’ death is the most notable act of poetic justice in the play. Shakespeare uses this character’s death to show the audience how snooping and meddling into other people’s business is morally wrong and you will be punished for it accordingly. The character of Ophelia is driven to insanityShow MoreRelatedRevenge And Justice In Hamlet968 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Revenge is the act of passion, vengeance is an act of justice.† Many people seek revenge and try to disguise it as justice. Revenge can either be justifiable or unjustifiable based on the circumstances of the offense. Someone’s vengeance can be the establishment of justice, but revenge is not always justice. Revenge is defined as the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands (Webster Dictionary). 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As much as we would love to think that it’s possible to punish and forgive, we would only be clouding our judgement when we know full well that we cannot have both. To forgive means to stop feeling angry or resentful toward someone for an offense, flaw, or mistake. Justice means the action of punishing or correcting something or someone that is not behaving accordingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Tainted Justice1426 Words   |  6 PagesRahul Sehrawat Ms. Piacente ENG4U1-07 Friday, May 20, 2016 Tainted Justice In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, one of the major themes is justice. Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, vows to avenge his father’s murder and does so in Act 5, scene 2 by killing Claudius. This play can be seen as a trial and after tracing the courtroom imagery, it can be concluded that justice is served in Act 5, scene 2. In order for a trial to commence, there has to be some form of disruption. 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Hamlet is an intelligent, moralRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, The Prince Of Denmark985 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark has remained to be the most astonishing of William Shakespeare’s tragedies. It is widely known to be considered as a philosophy or drama based play, but moral center is universally acknowledged. The characters in Hamlet persistently struggle with the power of their consciences, as they are tempted to satisfy their innermost desires. Hamlet, The Prince of Denmark, is bestowed upon the strenuous task of taking justice into his hands to avenge hisRead MoreHamlet As A Tragic Hero1305 Words   |  6 Pagesof sorrow, pity, or understanding of someone else’s misfortune. Hamlet, in this case, is the tragic hero due to many different sources that cause the reader to have an immense amount of sympathy for him. 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Food borne illness Investigation

Question: Discuss about the Report on Problem-Based Learning exercise for Food borne illness Investigation ? Answer: Problem-Based Learning exercise: Food borne illness Investigation The attack rate for this outbreak can be calculated as: Total number of people who attended the dinner= 200 Number of persons who became ill= 60 Therefore, Attack Rate= 60/200*100 = 30% The attack rate for this outbreak is 30%. Case study analysis: Possible pathogen that caused the outbreak- Staphylococcus aureus is the possible pathogen that caused the food poisoning outbreak in this case. It is a spherical shaped gram-positive bacterium and produces a heat stable toxin (the condition also called as staphylococcus intoxication) (Aycicek, et al., 2005). Food vehicle- The food vehicle involves the protein foods such as ham quiche, chicken, tuna, egg products, unrefrigerated or improperly refrigerated meat, and sandwich fillings, mixed sea food pizza, shrimp, mushroom pies, salads, creamed potatoes and cream-filled desserts like pastries, custards, ice-cream and fruits. Causes of Outbreak- Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for causing the food-borne illness mainly by contaminating the food through respiratory droplets (cough and sneeze), skin fragments and by direct body contact. Improper handling of cooked/or processed food by local political party members, improper refrigeration, keeping the food at room temperature for a long time as buffet had been prepared on Friday 10th and was transported in unrefrigerated vehicle as well as it was left in unrefrigerated condition until its consumption the next day. All these factors leads to the production of a toxin called as enterotoxin which is resistant to heat, freezing and refrigeration and thus, the growth of this bacteria in buffet meal (Kadariya, et al., 2014). Rationale behind discerning the pathogen- Staphylococcus aureus is likely to be involved in this case because cases have been reported where S. aureus is the major cause behind illness due to eating the types of food which are listed in this case; the major type of food is quinche as a prime target for staphylococci infection in this case. The other rationale is based on the timings of the onset of symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, abdominal/stomach pain within thirty minutes to six hours after eating the food infected by bacteria (Kadariya, et al., 2014). Similar Incidences of outbreak with this pathogen- In United States, an outbreak of food poisoning occurred in a Military Lunch Party on July 30, 2012. Gastrointestinal illness was reported in 13 persons within 2-3 hours after eating the lunch who attended the military party. Bacterial Intoxication, mainly Staphylococcal enterotoxin A infection was found to be the main reason behind this outbreak. Perlo; a chicken, sausage and rice dish was identified as major type of food that caused the infection. The investigators and authorities identified improper handling and inappropriate food preparation measures as the major cause behind this outbreak (CDC, 2013). In 16 elementary schools of Texas, 1364 children became ill while eating the lunch. Chicken salad was identified as one of the food that resulted in illness in majority of the children. Bacterial examination of chicken salad was done and S. aureus was found to be present in large numbers. Keeping the food for very long time in warm classrooms resulted in food contamination (FDA, 2012). The controls measures that should be taken to prevent further outbreak of this type are: Personal hygiene of food handlers is important. This includes properly washing the hands, proper cleaning or sanitization of food-served areas and utensils, food handlers without any wound or skin infections. Also, cooked food should be stored in the refrigerators as soon as possible. Promoting Public health interventions and education programs related to food safety as well as public awareness and adherence to microbiological guidelines provided by WHO and FDA should be done (Bredbenner, et al., 2013). References: Aycicek, H., Cakiroglu, S., and Stevenson, T.H. (2005). Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat meals from military cafeterias in Ankara, Turkey. Food Control, vol. 16(6), pp. 531-534. Bredbenner, C.B., Berning, J., Biggers, M., and Quick, V. (2013). Food safety in home kitchens: a synthesis of the literature. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, vol. 10, pp. 4060-4085. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Outbreak of Staphylococcal Food Poisoning from a Military Unit Lunch Party-United States, July, 2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), vol. 62(50), pp. 1026-1028. Kadariya, J., Smith, T.C., Thapaliya, D. (2014). Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal food-borne Disease: An ongoing Challenge in Public Health. BioMed Research International, pp. 1-9. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2012). Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Staphylococcus aureus. Retrieved on 19th July, 2015 from https://www.fda.gov/

Ethical Issues In Walmart Stores Concerning Waste Management

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Issues In Walmart Stores Concerning Waste Management Case Study. Answer: Introduction "Ethics" is mostly termed as the branch of thinking (philosophy) that sort out queries relating to the nature of importance in issues of behavior among humans. Even though almost every person is apprehensive to ethical or moral decisions, logicians or philosophers specifically are apprehensive about: 1.Elucidating the nature of these decisions generally 2.Providing standards to determine what is morally wrong or right Analyzing the reasons or grounds that exist for embracing those decisions/judgements to be truthful. With these basic concepts of ethics, the researcher aims to illuminate the issues relating to engineering waste disposal at Wal-Mart Stores. The US retail store just settled a scrutiny spanning 10 years in length concerning its risky waste practices when it conceded to criminal allegations and consented to pay a fine/penalty (Jayne, 2013). In cases documented in San Francisco and Los Angeles, the retail chain confessed to 6 charges/numbers of abusing the local regulations through illegally dealing with and discarding dangerous things at its retail locations over the US. Additionally, the business confessed to ignoring government law representing the best possible treatment of insecticides which were brought back by customers to outlets all over the nation. At the point when joined with past activities brought by Missouri and California, Wal-Mart will reimburse millions of dollars to conclude circumstances confirming breach of ecological regulations. According to an assistant lawyer, the incident is as large as Wal-Mart, also the head of the Justice Department's natural wrongdoings segment in LA, California. This incident is charged to have occurred at each and every Walmart store in the nation. The company failed to put up a program for disposal rehearses at their outlets, as per archives recorded in a Court of Law in California. The practices began at an obscure date and proceeded the scrutiny ended. That implied dangerous wastes were each discarded shamefully as well as putting civil junk canisters and if unsolidified, plugged the adjacent sewer structure otherwise the trash was disgracefully conveyed devoid of authentic wellbeing certification to item-return hubs located throughout the US. Through despicably handling perilous discarded material (trash), insecticides, and diverse things interfering with government regulations, Wal-Mart put the public and the environment at hazard and benefited from a disproportionate financial advantage compared to other companies, partner lawyer of the Natural Resources and Environment Division in the Justice Department, US. Human exercises have dependably created waste. It wasnt a noteworthy matter once the social populace was generally little and itinerant, yet turned into a difficult issue through suburbanization and the development of extensive municipalities. Weak administration of waste prompted defilement of air, soil and water and to a noteworthy effect on general well-being. In old-fashioned circumstances, deadly diseases linked to stained water with pathogens annihilated the number of inhabitants in Europe and considerably more as of late (nineteenth century), cholera was a typical event. A portion of the immediate wellbeing effects of the blunder of waste are notable and can be watched particularly in creating nations. As science and innovation built up, the administration of a continually expanding volume of waste turned into an exceptionally sorted out, specific also, complex action. The qualities of waste matter advanced in accordance to modifications in way of life, as well as the amount o f new compound materials displays in the different waste flows expanded significantly (Adams, 2010). Long-term wellbeing impacts of introduction to materials exhibited in the waste, or delivered at waste dumping offices are harder to quantify, particularly when their fixations are little and when there are other presentation passageways (for instance, topsoil). In any case, an absence of confirmation can bring about open concern. Very much promoted mechanical mishaps, regularly disconnected to waste administration exercises, have delivered a NIMT (not in my terrace) disorder that makes wild restriction the development of incinerators, landfills, or additional waste disposal offices. Wellbeing specialists and government are in expanding weight from the general population to give confirmation of possible and unfavorable wellbeing impacts delivered by these exercises (Agarwal, 2015). Professional Code of Conduct A huge number of compositions have been distributed on the effect of outflows in the vicinity of waste disposal locales. Various writers have composed surveys and audits. Epidemiological reviews have frequently demonstrated the presence of a relationship concerning ailments and nearness to a waste dumping spot, or the distance of the home close that spot, however, the mind greater part has neglected to give huge proof of a causal connection. A number of bona fide and astoundingly propelled sullying scenes related with mistaken waste organization practices incited open stress over the nonattendance of controls, deficient institution, common and human prosperity influence. This, accordingly, compelled various regulations to familiarize new authoritative structures with overseeing operations regarding unsustainable and hazardous waste administration. A waste organization arrangement in light of the most earth sound criteria favors waste expectation/minimization, waste re-use, reusing, a nd preparing the dirt. In various countries, an immense rate of waste can't before long be re-used, reused or treated the dirt and the rule dumping systems are mostly landfilling. Landfilling is the essential clearance system in Wal-Mart. 49% of municipal solid waste (MSW) was land-filled, 56% prior on, and 64% in eastern and central LA. Around 20% of MSW was scorched and in California, 22% reused that year, while incineration and reusing spoke to 7% and 10%, exclusively, in San Francisco. By and large, reusing is growing in western Europe. The nonappearance of information causes it to be hard to recognize designs for western Europe. The US landfilled was 49% of MSW, consumed 10%, and recovered, reused or treated the dirt the remaining 29%. The data for Germany suggests 2004, for Japan to 2005, and for the USA, Italy, France and the UK to 2006. The rate of MSW orchestrated at landfills spoke to 19% in Germany, 4% in Japan, 64% in the UK, 49% in Italy, and 37% in France. As institution ends up being more stringent and landfilling transforms into a less disgraceful decision, elective courses of action are deliberated. For instance, there has been a fundamental d iminishment in the measure of waste landfilled in Italy and the UK. The UK landfilled 88% of MSW, in addition, Italy 76%. It legitimizes saying that an expansive combination of waste materials (mechanical waste, sewage spill) is increasingly put on nation territory as the land changes. Those truly make numerous supportive consequences on soil excellent, moreover, improve fear over potential decisively (e.g. Pathogen survival) and entire arrangement impacts (e.g. Accumulation of overwhelming metals). An organic trade will moreover change into an essential motivation to the usage of bio-solids on agrarian land, specifically in tiers wherein longer conditions of low precipitation and suggest better temperatures are commonplace. In many parts of the world (e.g. Europe, U.S.) agricultural soils get sizable volumes of soil modifications. Kind of five million dry tremendous measures of sewage overflow are applied or discarded reliably within the US and around 71% of utilized for land utili ty (Agenda 21, 2012). The usage of biosolids to the earth is possibly going to growth in this manner of the distraction of waste a long way from landfill districts, and in light of extending fee of fabricated composts. The sort of waste enterprise rehearses grasped in each country are commonly part of cash related examinations but inside the meantime are an impact of particular perspectives due to the sort of a waste to be controlled. For instance, if homes and systems are warmed with the aid of coal-ingesting up, loads of coal burning remains can also land up planned together with different city waste. As coal slag includes high and sizable metals and different potential contaminants, this form of mixed city waste cannot be practically handled the soil. Coal blasting stays in like way make expending much less helpful. An alternate of centrality source from coal to gas can, along with those strains, have critical effects for waste association choices. That is fundamental for some making nations. According to Ajila (2011), landfilled putrescible waste causes leachate and gasoline creation. In Europe, a mandate on the landfill of waste has empowered the redirection of trademark count to treat the earth or focused landfill districts, especially in Austria, Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Devouring is meaningless for trendy cloth in the attitude of its water content material. Waste partition at source allows the evacuation of unstable (ignitable, fatal) things, higher reusing and treating the soil alternatives, and a lowering of MSW to be discarded. On this manner, data of waste shape is of key significance for the decision of disposal and waste treatment. One prominent cause has not been said so far, and it is the quick ascent in demonstrable skill in the waste part in the course of the most recent years. For instance, the professional body in the UK was established in several years ago, yet just increased full authority acknowledgment as an expert body (professional standing), even though the professional conduct has as of late propelled its International Waste Manager capability conspire. Natural security is still moderately low on the general population and political motivation in many creating nations, despite the fact that this is starting to change. An eminent illustration is Philippines, where the earth has turned into a noteworthy component of the Regime's development agenda, in acknowledgment of the ecological harm that was finished by the past approach of unrestricted monetary development. The outcome is that, as in North America and Europe in the 1980s, open or unrestrained throwing away of waste is as yet the standard in n umerous nations, as universal conspicuousness for a couple of days every time there is a noteworthy landslide, inundating entire groups in waste (e.g. Philippines, Indonesia, Bandung). One of the principal needs is in this way to eliminate uncontrolled disposal and to present either designed (middle of the road) landfills or full clean landfills, as one part of a coordinated, reasonable waste administration framework. The enactment is regularly now set up to require such an eliminate (e.g. in India since 2000), however requirement has a tendency to be powerless, so it is vague whether there are, up 'til now, solid drivers in numerous nations, even to accomplish this underlying stride. Without solid enactment, rivalry between urban communities, to give a 'spotless city' with great metropolitan natural framework, keeping in mind the end goal to pull in (frequently remote) venture can be a key driver, this seems, by all accounts, to be especially imperative in India where rivalry for outside data innovation speculation is solid however has additionally been cited as a cause in other countries (Aljaradin Persson, 2012). Asset Worth of Discarded Materials The asset worth of discarded matter was basic in the previously incorporated economies of Eastern Europe, China and the Soviet Union where the prepared accessibility of reused crude materials through metropolitan or state-possessed reusing organizations was a real driver for the business. These amazing frameworks were one of the principal losses of the free-advertise framework, as they depended on 'state endowments'; in any case, they did likewise diminish waste disposal costs and amounts. Conclusion The level of essentialness of the dangers to create malignancies or different diseases from discharges from waste administration offices ought to likewise be found in the general setting of different dangers to the neighborhood populace, not just with reference to the shocking death rates in creating nations because poor sanitation, absence of safe drinking water, absence of treatment plants for sewage and of satisfactory waste disposal offices, additionally with the normal wellbeing dangers recorded in wealthy social orders. To wrap things up, it is imperative to consider the advantages to general wellbeing that get from discarding waste in best in class offices, till conducts exist to reuse and limit additional waste. On a worldwide scale, given the quickened industrialization and urbanization in creating nations, billions of huge amounts of waste are delivered each year. The medical problems related to the disposal of waste are rising in nations, for example, China and India, to give some examples. Gigantic interest in waste administration offices, preparing and training are required with a specific end goal to lessen the wellbeing effect of improper waste disposal techniques. In any case, the issue of wellbeing dangers related with waste administration likewise should be handled on numerous different fronts: Presentation of measures and motivators for waste minimization, waste anticipation, reusing, and treating the soil Expansion of waste administration expenses to purchase items Open interest in the decision of waste administration practices at a nearby and territorial level General wellbeing observation The utilization of biomarker the study of disease transmission systems in future examinations. References Adams, W. M., (2010). Green Development, Environment and Sustainability in a Developing World, 3rd Ed, Routledge Publication. Agarwal, S. K., (2015). Water Pollution. APH Publication. Agenda 21., (2012) United Nations Conference on Environment and Development Rio de Janerio, Brazil. Ajila J., (2011). Sustainable solutions for agro processing waste management: an overview. In Malik, A., and Grohmann, E., environmental protection strategies for sustainable development, Springer Publication. Aljaradin,M., Persson,K. M., (2012). Comparison of Different WasteManagement Technologies and Climate Change EffectJordan. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund University. Allen T., Thomas, A., (2010). Poverty and development, OUP Oxford. Anand S., (2010). Solid waste management, Mital publication. Ayres R., (2017). On the practical limits to substitution. Ecological Economics, vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 115-128. Bandara, N. J. G. J. and Hettiaratchi, J. P. A., (2010). Environmental impacts with waste disposal practices in a suburban municipality, Sri Lanka, Inder-science Publishers. Bandara, N. J. G. J., (2016). Municipal Solid WasteManagement The Sri Lankan Case. Paper Presented at Conference on Developments in Forestry and Environment Management, Sri Lanka. Barrow, C., (2016). Environmental Management for Sustainable Development. Routledge. Bhatt, S., (2014). Environment protection and sustainable development, APH publication. Henn, M. Weinstein, M and Forard, N., (2016). A short introduction to social research. New Delhi: Vistaar publication Hilary, C., (2010). Creative Research: The Theory and Practice of Research for the Creative Industries. AVA Publishing HMC (2013). Proposed SWM Project for HMC. HMC Jayne O'Donnell (2013) Wal-Mart pleads guilty to dumping hazardous waste, USA Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/05/28/wal-mart-waste/2366999/ Letder, T. M., Vallero, D.A., (2011). Waste; A hand book for management. Academic Malik, A. (2011). Environmental protection strategies: an overview. In Malik, A., and Grohmann, E., environmental protection strategies for sustainable development, Springer Publication. Ed. Mc Carthy, J. J. (2011). Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. IPCC. Cambridge University Press. pp. 9 13. McDougall, T. (2013). Integrated Solid Waste Management: A Life Cycle Inventory, John Wiley and Sons. Mckinned, M. L., Schoch, R. M., (2013). Environmental science: systems and solutions. 3rd edition. Jones and Bartlett Learning: London

Sab Miller Essay Example

Sab Miller Essay Background of SABMiller: * Founded in 1895 in South Africa as South African Breweries (SAB) * 1948-1994: bad effects from â€Å"apartheid† regime. The investments from and to South Africa were restricted. So SAB had to focus on dominating domestic market through acquisition of competitors and increasing the efficiency of production and distribution facilities. * By 1979, SAB hold 99% market share in South Africa and play the leading role in other markets in the region. * 1978 SAB acquired Sun City casino resort * In 1990s, SAB focus on expanding throughout Africa region. The changing in South Africa political system (the establishment of multiracial democracy in S. A. ) made the progress easier * By 2000, SAB dominated the southern Africa, competition is lesser, but no room for expansion * In 1993, SAB acquired Dreher, Hungary’s largest brewery. This was the company first acquisition outside Africa. * In 1990s, SAB continued to expand to under-developed markets. In 1994, SAB formed a joint venture in China, China Resources Snow Breweries, and added China’s biggest beer brand, Snow, to its portfolio. After that were some acquisitions in Eastern Europe (Lech, Tyskie†¦) * By 2001, by focusing on emerging markets, SAB became the world’s fifth largest brewer by volume, with breweries in 24 countries across the globe. * In 1999, SAB listed on London Stock Exchange (LSE) * In 2002, SAB acquired a major brand in developed market: Miller Brewing Company, the 2nd largest in US. SAB then became SABMiller, the 2nd largest brewery by volume in the world. * In the first year operating SABMiller operating Miller, its US market share dropped from 19. 6% to 18. 7%. Miller’s product portfolio would be rationalization from 50 brands to 11 or 12. In 2003, the company made its first significant acquisition in Western Europe when it acquired Italy’s BirraPeroni. * In 2005, SABMiller merged with GrupoEmpresarial Bavaria, the 2nd largest brewer in South America. Latin America became the 2nd largest source of profits after South Africa. Anglo-South African brewing giant SABMill er is the worlds second-largest brewing company in terms of both market capitalisation and group revenues, behind US-Belgian giant Anheuser-Busch InBev. The company has a huge global footprint; it is present in: Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia and North America via its MillerCoors joint venture. We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The brewer has four global brands Grolsch, Miller Genuine Draft, Peroni and Pilsner Urquell in addition to a massive 192 regional brands. SWOT Analysis Strengths A diverse geographic footprint provides protection from demand downturns in specific regions/markets Massive emerging market exposure means the firm has access to underdeveloped, high-growth markets A vast range of local and international brands means that the company has multiple pricing points and can target consumers within different income ranges First mover advantage, and significant dominance in many operating markets gives the firm significant pricing power Weaknesses While Asia contributes significantly to volumes, it does not to revenues or earnings meaning that the firm is not fully exploiting the potential of the Asian consumer A reliance on EMs, while good for growth, is not supportive of sales growth among higher-end, premium brands Opportunities The company has a massive footprint in underdeveloped African beer markets and will enjoy first mover advantage there as the consumer story in the region develops Large scale Mamp;A would enable SABMiller to boost revenues and consolidate its position as one of the global brewing behemoths Even as emerging beer markets mature, premiumisation as value sales growth takes over from volume will emerge as another growth stimulant for the company Threats Competition in EMs could undermine SABMillers dominance and certainly its pricing power in markets in which it was formerly dominant Government legislation, triggered by health concerns, or excise-raising initiatives, could undermine demand and impede growth For the lowest-income groups in EMs, formal alcoholic drinks channels remain discretionary and demand is thus severely negatively impacted by periods of economic weakness Strategy Difficult to believe in an industry that has consolidated so rapidly over the last five years to the point where the worlds top five brewers control an estimated 50% of the global market, but another potentially final round of beer industry consolidation could be on its way. In spite of denials from the takeover targets themselves, over the last few months rumours have linked Turkish giant Efes, African major Castel Group and Australias Fosters Group with possible sales. SABMiller, as it seeks to keep pace with global market leader Anheuser-Busch InBev and to retain the robust revenue, volume and earnings growth momentum it had enjoyed up until late 2008s global downturn, is likely to be at the forefront of this potential consolidation bout. However, competition for what is an ever-depleting pool of attractive takeover targets in the beer industry is likely to be intense and SABMiller will need to balance its mergers and acquisitions efforts with an ongoing organic push into emerging and frontier markets if it is to retain its dominant position and investor popularity. Emerging Markets Strategy Dominating In Terms Of EM ExposureAlcoholic Drink Players Emerging Market Sales Index (last financial year) NB BMI estimate based on geographic reporting and company statements. Source: Investor Relations | In BMIs new Alcohol EMSI (Emerging Markets Sales Index), SABMiller is head and shoulders above its peers in terms of EM exposure. The company has a huge and diverse EM footprint and interestingly also very substantial frontier market exposure. Arguably SABMiller would give most fast-moving-consumer-goods companies a run for their money in terms of how fast and successfully it has moved into EMs and this has enabled the company to ride the sensational EM demand story that has played out over the last 10 years or more. Of course, with EMs to remain growth outperformers, this geographic footprint continues to represent a massive opportunity for SABMiller. Significant also is the divergence between SABMillers regional sales breakdown in terms of revenues and in terms of volumes. SABMillers early forays into high-growth EMs mean that it has penetrated markets with low existing per capita beer consumption rates. This has been a major driver of volume sales growth in recent years. However, even as consumption reaches more typical levels, these markets will continue to represent major growth opportunities as economy beer drinkers trade up to mass-market products and mass-market drinkers trade up to premium beers. This should place significant momentum behind SABMillers revenue and earnings growth in the years to come. Pricing Strategy A Mixed BagSABMiller FY10 Volumes and Revenues by Region (%) NB Financial year ending March. Source: SABMiller Investor Relations | Nonetheless, there are barriers to realising these potential gains. SABMiller has enjoyed first mover advantage in many of the EMs in which it operates it is one of the only brewers with substantial exposure to Africa for example. Its early forays mean that it has enjoyed a considerable degree of pricing power in these markets which has been earnings supportive. However, as EMs crowd and global rivals expand in an attempt to re-weight their global portfolios, SABMiller is finding this pricing power if not its leading position under threat. This is already evident in South Africa. SABMiller controls some 90% of the local market and yet the local Heineken and Diageo joint venture has steadily managed to grow its share of the premium market at a time when interest in premium brands is building. Sustained expansion into EMs even allowing for the fact that entry and expansion opportunities are increasingly hard to come by will be vital in enabling SABMiller to offset this renewed competition. It demonstrated its commitment to this strategy when it acquired Argentine brewer Casa Isenbeck in late November 2010. The acquisition leaves SABMiller a distant third in volume terms in Argentina and yet this could represent an important platform from which to continue expanding in Latin America and a vital tool in retaining its strong regional position. A flexible, nuanced pricing structure will also be a vital tool in enabling SABMiller to ward of EM competition. The company did manage to successfully pass on some price increases to its consumers in a number of its key markets in line with economic improvements in these markets. However, it has matched this with a focus on low-cost beer in some of its more fledgling markets, particularly in Africa, which has been volume supportive. The massive breadth of the companys brand portfolio has and will remain instrumental here it has the ability to tailor its product offering very specifically to the needs of its target market; furthermore, it still retains the necessary degree of pricing power to successfully pass on some price increases. Mamp;A Strategy Despite having been an early frontrunner in terms of Mamp;A (most notable being its acquisition of Miller Brewing for US$5. bn back in 2002 and the US$7. 8bn purchase of Colombias Bavaria in 2005), SABMiller has been quieter in terms of Mamp;A in recent years. Massive demand growth in EMs means it has managed to keep pace with its peers in terms of revenue growth, while its EM footprint means it has also remained an investor favourite. While Anheuser-Busch merged with InBev and Carlsberg and Heineken acquired and then divvied up the assets of Scottish amp; Newcastle, SABMiller has been more focused on its organic growth strategy. We do expect this to change though and we expect SABMiller to go for either Castel Group or the beer assets of Fosters Group in the near future. Both are a good fit. Taking over Castel (or more specifically Brasseries amp;GlaceriesInternationales (BGI), Castels African beer business) would certainly strengthen SABMillers pan-African competitiveness, turning it into a truly dominant African player and making it very hard for any latecomer to the market to gain traction. BGI is very well positioned in Angola, Cameroon and the Maghreb region. If SABMiller were to close the deal, it would then be present in 36 of the 53 African countries. Then there is Fosters. Taking over Fosters would turn SABMiller into the market leader in a high-margin, high-consumption country, dramatically inflating the firms revenue outlook. Yes this would be at odds with an historic focus on EMs, but BMI has repeatedly stressed that a balanced portfolio, combining high-spending but lower-growth markets and high-growth but low immediate return markets represents the best chance of short, medium and long term success. With both a good fit, necessity could also be a factor in SABMillers motivation. AB InBev continues to pare down the substantial debts it incurred during its merger and were it to re-embark on the acquisition trail as its sustained circling of GrupoModelo suggests it will SABMiller could suddenly find itself a long way back and with few remaining assets up for grabs via which to catch up. Conclusion | We expect SABMiller to continue to drive growth throw three key mechanisms: * Continued push into EMs, primarily organic although snapping up smaller assets where available * Tailored differential pricing strategy, price increases where they can be pushed through, but economy push in lower-income markets * A return to large-scale Mamp;A via either Castel Group or Fosters beer assets Increased competition and the threat of SABMiller losing some of its, until now, massive pricing power remains a risk to the company. Price increases too could become problematic should demand weakness return in some of the markets in which SABMiller has to date successfully implemented hikes (although note that a hugely diverse portfolio does give the firm protection from this to some degree). A final risk we would note is the impact that excise rate hikes have had and will continue to have on beer demand in a number of SABMillers key operating markets this has already been witnessed in Russia and Colombia, while regulatory challenges have also taken their toll in India.

Essay Writing Basics - Sample Essay Writing Tips

Essay Writing Basics - Sample Essay Writing TipsSample essays and sample letters are frequently used to teach the basics of essay writing. The most important tool for writers who wish to get a degree in this field is their own writing samples. Learning to create a strong resume from a good essay is the aim of most people who want to write for a living.This is because the letter is what will be read by several people and will consequently spell success or failure for that person. By not being able to write an effective letter, it will be hard for a person to know how to write a good one. Thus, before you begin your letter writing career, it is better to have a better understanding of how to compose an essay.The first thing you need to do is to remember that an essay is just a form of writing. You need to give enough details in your writing so that people will understand your thesis statement. If the thesis statement is clearly stated, people will have no problem in understanding what you want to tell them.In order to keep this idea in mind, know that there are certain things that you should never do when writing an essay. The most common mistake is writing a very long and to-the-point letter. This means you will have to take out all the information that is supposed to be included in your letter. Instead, write down only what you are going to tell people and give a few paragraphs with examples and some ideas for each paragraph.Secondly, do not write too many paragraphs without any outline. This is because an outline is a guide that helps people understand what is being discussed in the body of the letter. By giving an outline, the reader can easily follow the main points of the letter.Thirdly, do not write a formal letter. While a formal letteris necessary for those who are conducting business, do not use it if you are just speaking to someone who you may be friendly with. In this case, it is recommended that you use a shorter and to-the-point version of your let ter.Finally, do not use too many spelling mistakes. For a simple reason: spelling errors can cause people to become frustrated and might lead to being called incompetent. This is exactly why you need to work on your writing skills so as to avoid any mistakes at all. On the other hand, if you really cannot think of any mistakes, do not write anything at all.Remember that a letter should be as simple as possible. Do not use too many fancy phrases in your letter. Just remember that you have to talk clearly and concisely so that the audience will understand what you are trying to say.

Supernovas Essays - Astronomy, Star Types, Matter, Nature

Supernovas Essays - Astronomy, Star Types, Matter, Nature Supernovas A supernova is a STAR that explodes. It suddenly increases in brightness by a factor of many billions, and within a few weeks it slowly fades. In terms of the human lifespan, such explosions are rare occurrences. In our Milky Way galaxy, for example, a supernova may be observed every few hundred years. Three such explosions are recorded in history: in 1054, in 1572, and in 1604. The CRAB NEBULA consists of material ejected by the supernova of 1054. Such materials, known as supernova remnants, are common in the heavens. The supernovas observed in modern times have all occurred in other galaxies, the most distant yet having been detected in 1988 in a galaxy 5 billion light-years away. The most interesting supernova of recent times was detected in the relatively nearby Large MAGELLANIC CLOUD, on Feb. 23, 1987, by an astronomer at Chile's Las Campanas Observatory. It quickly became an object of intense study by all the means available to modern astronomy. A supernova may radiate more energy in a few days than the Sun does in 100 million years, and the energy expended in ejecting material is much greater even than this. In many cases, including the Crab nebula supernova, the stellar remnant left behind after the explosion is a NEUTRON STARa star only a few kilometers in diameter having an enormously large density and consisting mainly of neutronsor a PULSAR, a pulsating neutron star. There are two common types of supernovas, called type I and type II. Type I occurs among old stars of small mass, whereas type II occurs among very young stars of large mass. It is not known how a small-mass star can release the very large amounts of energy needed to explain type I supernovas. Scientists generally believe that this must involve binary systemstwo stars revolving around each other. In such a system one of the stars is a WHITE DWARF, a small, dense star that is near the end of its nuclear burning phase. After attracting matter from the companion star for some time, the white dwarf eventually collapses with a great rush, becoming a neutron star, and ejecting matter outward. This rebound of matter is thought to be the supernova. Stars with large masses burn their nuclear fuel very rapidly. Within a million years or less, such stars build cores containing much iron. When the iron eventually burns, energy is quickly drained from the core, and the star cannot continue to support itself against gravity. It suffers a mighty collapse analogous to that of a type I supernova, and the rebound causes matter to be ejected in a type II supernova explosion. Stars ending in this way are typically red SUPERGIANTS, but the one that exploded as 1987A was a blue star, named Sanduleak, with a mass only about 15 times that of the Sun. Its pattern of brightening and fading also varied notably from that of typical type II supernovas, and an as yet unexplained mystery spot appeared some time after the explosion, apparently near to Sanduleak's former location. In 1989 astronomers thought that they had detected an extremely fast-spinning pulsar at that location, but much further data is still needed before this finding is confirmed. Cosmologists estimate that the Universe came into existence about 15 billion years ago. This involved the initial creation of hydrogen and helium. Since then nuclear fusion in stars has changed some of the original hydrogen and helium into heavier elements (see STELLAR EVOLUTION). Supernovas have played an important role both in producing the heavy elements and in ejecting material back into space, where it has been used to make new stars and, probably, PLANETARY SYSTEMS. It is possible that one or more supernovas exploded shortly before the formation of our solar system. Elements ejected from these explosions could have mixed with the solar nebula, eventually becoming part of the structures of the Sun, the Earth, and all living things. Bibliography : Clark, D. W., and Stephenson, F. R., eds., Historical Supernovae (1977); Jastrow, Robert, and Thompson, Malcolm, Astronomy (1984); Marschall, Laurence A., The Supernova Story (1988); Murdin, Paul and Leslie, Supernovae (1985); Shy, Frank, The Physical Universe (1982); Woosley, Stan, and Weaver, Tom, The Great Supernova of 1987, Scientific American, August 1989; Zeilik, Michael, and Gaustad, John, Astronomy (1983).

Communication at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication at work - Essay Example Michael (1988), states in his study that the communicator must make sure to be direct when communicating at work. He further asserts that the communicator should not involve irrelevant messages while he communicates as these irrelevant messages can lead to errors at the workplace. The misconception about reaching the point in communication at workplaces is that the communicator usually thinks that adding up other points may give him an advantage but this rather creates an absurd image in which one can miss out the main points of the original message. So it can be concluded that in communication it is necessary that the main point is laid out first so that these points are missed out later on by the relevant authorities (Michael 1988 & Kelly 1979). Another thing which is important in the mean of communication is that the person who is communicating does note carefully if the listener or the person who is being referred to understand the theme of the message. According to Broadwell and Dietrich (1998), this can be achieved by a two-way process. By two-way process here it is meant that the communicator should ask for replies from the person who is being referred to with the message. This would help to assure the communicator that his message is being interpreted properly by the listener. Similarly, if this is not done the message would be misinterpreted and other problems may arise at the workplace because of this miscommunication. Positivism is one important aspect of communicating at work.

Reliability, Maintainability, and Supportability of COTS Research Paper

Reliability, Maintainability, and Supportability of COTS - Research Paper Example The use of COTS is wide spread across many business and governmental programs; this is because these products offer significant savings in maintenance, procurement and development. The motivation behind the usage of COTS a component includes reduced maintenance cost in the long run and hopes that the overall system cost and development, this is because components can be licensed or bought instead of developing them. COTS were considered remedies for intractable problems during the 1990s. COTS development came into being with tradeoffs which were not so obvious. An example been initial and development cost and time which not so much a problem can be reduced but at the expense of another. Such as depending on a third party who is to lease components and increase in the integration of software component works. Software specifications are encrypted externally so government agencies view that in the long run when changes are done to the product compatibility will be a hindrance (McKinney 23). COTS reliability can be verified using an analysis and reliability estimation technique applicable to high level designs. The technique is known as Scenario-Based Reliability Estimation (SBRE). SBRE is specific for COTS whose analysis is purely based on executable scenarios. While using scenarios, we construct a probability model known as Component Dependency Graph (CDG). These are graphs which represent component reliability, components, interface and link reliability, transition probabilities, transitions, components average time of execution. In CDG, components link and interface reliabilities are given focus as the first class elements to be put in the model. The reliability of the application is analyzed by an algorithm presented its analysis also include; reliability of its interface and components. The SBRE algorithm identifies critical component interface and critical components by interpolating the sensitivity of the application reliability to changes in the interface and components. To ensure a software application is reliable is a difficult task even if it was commercially pretested therefore, there has been the emergence of several techniques for analysis and estimation of components based application reliability. And they are categorized as: Component Based Reliability Estimation - the reliability of the application is estimated using the individual’s components reliability and interconnection mechanism. System Level Reliability Estimation – applications reliability is estimated as a whole. For example using system level architecture evaluation or system testing (Ammar, H , et al, 2004) Underestimating the technical risk associated with evaluation, integration and selection of software components can result to high maintenance/development cost and long schedule delays. Trends in computer based products, such as mobile phones and vehicles, is shorter lifecycles and shorter. Therefore, time spent on the development of new versions of a product or new products must be reduced. A solution to one of the emerging problems is reusing of solutions and software designs in new versions of products and systems. Properly handling reuse will greatly improve the reliability since the code is executed in a different context and longer time. However, reuse is not trivial; it puts strong demands on the methods of development in order to achieve success. Reuse

(Must be aviation related) Drones in the public sector Research Paper

(Must be aviation related) Drones in the public sector - Research Paper Example re are various safety issues that the regulatory body of the FAA should take into account while integrating the UAVs to the National Airspace System (NAS). In addition, it was ascertained that the introduction of these unmanned aircrafts for the commercial purpose should be implemented after few years when the people get accustomed to the UAVs. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which is generally known as drone is an automated aircraft which does not require any human pilot on the plane. The UAV is controlled either automatically by the inbuilt computer system in the aircraft or is controlled by a pilot through a remote. In the present day context, drones are being used for the delivery of packages to the civilians in the United States. Correspondingly, Amazon has been one of the prime initiators of introducing UAVs in the United States for the commercial purpose. The main objective of Amazon behind its UAV adoption is to carry package delivery through its use. In the year 2013, Amazon declared that it would use small UAVs in order to deliver various commodities to its customers. Amazon proclaimed that these UAVs can deliver products within 30 minutes. However, it can be observed that the UAV delivery system might face certain major obstacles. It can be ascertained that weather would be a major obstacle while grounding the aircraft. Moreover, there might be a possibility that the product that has been dropped in the door step of the customer gets stolen. In addition, people might feel uncomfortable with several UAVs flying above their heads every day. Besides, the people using this delivery system might have the requirement of purchasing UAV insurance that provides security from system malfunctions and uncertain crashes. The prospective users of the UAVs for commercial purpose and the UAV manufacturers can be termed as the audience for this report. The purpose of the report is to determine the impact of various factors that act as an obstacle for the delivery

Urban Legend of Cry Baby Bridge :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Cry Baby Bridge The legend I collected was told to me by one of my softball teammates. My teammate is twenty-two years old. She told me this story on our team bus while we were driving at about noon. The atmosphere was light as a few of my other teammates were listening to, and quoting Dane Cook – a popular comedian. Here is the legend she told: There is this small bridge in a small city nearby. There was a car accident and a small child or baby died. And, um, it was in the local papers. It is said that at night, when your drive over it, you can hear the sound of a baby crying. And you know how signs on the side of the road reflect light and stuff? Well, you can’t see it with normal lighting, but when a car’s lights hit the sign at the right angle, you can see a baby’s footprints. My teammate originally heard this story from her classmates during her junior year in high school. My teammate had no problems remembering the story; she was more worried that I would think she thought it was true. There were pauses in her story telling as I wrote down what she said. She related the story with little emotion or suspense. The laughter in the background also affected the impact of the legend because it is difficult to be scared when there is laughter all around. My teammate also did not make a significant effort to enhance the effect of the story through hand motions or vocal tone inflections. Throughout the United States there are other legends and stories similar to the one my teammate told. A similar legend was told to me by my friend from high school. She is nineteen years old. She originally told me the story our sophomore year. I asked her to re-tell it to me a few weeks ago over the phone. There was not much emotion in her voice. Also, there were not many pauses as she had to tell me quickly because she had a class. In Aurora, Colorado, there is a legend about the Third Bridge. The Third Bridge can be found on Quincy Road heading east out of town. The bridge is next to a power plant in an otherwise, dusty, and deserted area of land. The legend states that a van of young children crashed and everyone was killed. Urban Legend of Cry Baby Bridge :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends Cry Baby Bridge The legend I collected was told to me by one of my softball teammates. My teammate is twenty-two years old. She told me this story on our team bus while we were driving at about noon. The atmosphere was light as a few of my other teammates were listening to, and quoting Dane Cook – a popular comedian. Here is the legend she told: There is this small bridge in a small city nearby. There was a car accident and a small child or baby died. And, um, it was in the local papers. It is said that at night, when your drive over it, you can hear the sound of a baby crying. And you know how signs on the side of the road reflect light and stuff? Well, you can’t see it with normal lighting, but when a car’s lights hit the sign at the right angle, you can see a baby’s footprints. My teammate originally heard this story from her classmates during her junior year in high school. My teammate had no problems remembering the story; she was more worried that I would think she thought it was true. There were pauses in her story telling as I wrote down what she said. She related the story with little emotion or suspense. The laughter in the background also affected the impact of the legend because it is difficult to be scared when there is laughter all around. My teammate also did not make a significant effort to enhance the effect of the story through hand motions or vocal tone inflections. Throughout the United States there are other legends and stories similar to the one my teammate told. A similar legend was told to me by my friend from high school. She is nineteen years old. She originally told me the story our sophomore year. I asked her to re-tell it to me a few weeks ago over the phone. There was not much emotion in her voice. Also, there were not many pauses as she had to tell me quickly because she had a class. In Aurora, Colorado, there is a legend about the Third Bridge. The Third Bridge can be found on Quincy Road heading east out of town. The bridge is next to a power plant in an otherwise, dusty, and deserted area of land. The legend states that a van of young children crashed and everyone was killed.

Bread Givers and The Bluest Eye Families in Crisis: An Analysis

Both novels The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison and Bread Givers by Anzia Yezierska are about families from the early twentieth century who face enormous problems of living in a patriarchal home that is obviously not working. Both books focus on the daughters of the families and the hardships that they must endure. The Bluest Eye, and Bread Givers are about characters who do not belong to mainstream America in a time period before tolerance and civil rights. Pecola Bleedlove is the protagonist of The Bluest Eye.She is an eleven year old African American girl who believes that she is extremely ugly and she believes that the ultimate beauty of a person would be to have blue eyes. She measures beauty by white American standards of her day which is just after the Great Depression and she struggles with her race not only with whites, but with other lighter African Americans. The line between colored and nigger was not always clear; subtle and telltale signs threatened to erode it, and the wat ch had to be constant. (Morrison, 87) Sara Smolinski is the protagonist of Bread Givers.She is the youngest daughter in a Jewish family who have immigrated to the United States from Poland in the 1910’s and 20’s. The Smolinski family live in New York City while the Breedloves live in a small town in Ohio. However, the setting makes little difference when it comes to the problems that each family faces. They are both looked down upon because of their race and their socioeconomic positions in society because both families live in poverty. The early part of the twentieth century in the United States was a patriarchal society and all classes lived by those rules. The father controlled the family especially the wives and daughters.While sons were strictly guided by their fathers as well, they did gain freedom at the legal age of maturity and they would hen become the leaders of their own families. Daughters were totally ruled by their fathers and wives knew that they were n ot to question their husband. They would not gain the freedom that a son knew that he would someday obtain. The young woman went straight from her father’s rule to that of her husband. In both novels, the male head of the household, Cholly Breedlove, and Reb Smolinski do not make any money, but depend on the females for their living.In the true patriarchal society, the male head of the house did have responsibilities, and the most important one was to provide for his family. In both these homes the men want to totally control the women, but they are not the providers. Instead they do nothing by take from the women. Cholly is an alcoholic and an abuser, while Reb has devoted his life to studying the Jewish religion and the Torah. This would not have been a bad thing for him to do except that he does not use this to make a living.In the true patriarchal family, the father is also to provide guidance and security to his family so that he is worthy of their respect and loyalty. C holly Breedlove totally perverts his duty as the head of his household. He has done nothing for his wife’s self esteem. She is convinced that she is ugly, and that her deformed foot has made her a cast off of society. Instead of reassuring her that he is attracted to her and that he appreciates the work she does and the money that she brings to the family, he berates her, has adulterous relationships on her, and he constantly battles her.The worse perverse action that he takes is when he rapes his preteen daughter, Pecola. If a father is to have control of his daughters in a patriarchal society, then society expects his to lover her, protect her and guide her. Cholly Breedlove breaks all the rules of society by taking away the innocence of his child, and violating rather than protecting her. He impregnates her so which means that he will rob her of her respectable place in society. Even though today’s society understands that the child is the victim, it was not that wa y in the late 1930’s and early 1940’s.Pecola is impregnated by her father and the baby dies. Certain seeds it will not nurture, certain fruit it will not bear and when the land kills of its own volition, we acquiesce and say the victim had no right to live. (Morrison, 206) She then goes insane and therefore, he has completely ruined her life. . [Pecola beat] the air, a winged but grounded bird, intent on the blue void it could not reach – could not even see – but which filled the valleys of the mind. (Morrison, 204) Reb Smolinski also takes from his wife, Shena.She is in awe of her husband’s intellect and devotion to his religion. She works very hard to support him and make him comfortable even though they live in extreme poverty. Unlike Cholly, Reb does not physically abuse his wife. Reb’s daughter fare for worse than their mother does when it comes to his treatment of them. While he does not violate the girl’s virtue, he is still cr uel to them psychologically. He has each girl work very hard outside of the home even though he does not do this himself.He convinces each girl that it is a father’s duty to take their wages and to use it toward the providential care of the family. Like the Old Testament men, Reb rules every aspect of his daughter’s lives. He truly believes that It says in the Torah: What’s a woman without a man? Less than nothing—a blotted out existence. No life on earth and no hope in heaven. (Yezierska, 205) He too, like Cholly, does not do this for the ultimate benefit of the girls, but for his own selfish reasons. This is evident when we first see Bessie bring home a young man that she has an interest.The young man is a good man, is not living in poverty, and seems to love Bessie enough to want to take good care of her. He is also willing to take no dowry, something that was unheard of in that culture, just so that he could spend the rest of his life with her. Instea d of being overjoyed that his daughter would have a wonderful life full of love ahead of her, he ruins the relationship between them. Bessie resigns herself to her father when she tells her lover I know I’m a fool. But I cannot help it. I haven’t the courage to live for myself. My own life is knocked out of me.No wonder Father called me the burden bearer. (Yezierska, 50) He does the same thing to his other daughters except for Sarah and instead, arranges poor marriages for them and their lives are completely ruined. Sarah stands up to her father and runs away. She becomes a teacher, and continues to live a life of poverty until she has finished her schooling, and begins to make a good living for herself. Her father has disowned her for no other reason except that she has not obeyed him completely and has made life better for herself. This has taken away his power over her.Because of the underhanded workings of his second wife, apparently he could not control her as he did the Shena, Sarah becomes close to the principal at the school where she works. After they have established a relationship, Sarah and Hugo, the principal revert back to the mindset of the patriarchal society in which they had both been reared, and the book ends with the assumption that Reb will move in with them and they will take care of him the way that he should have taken care of Sarah when she was a child and a young woman. I felt the shadow still there, over me.It wasn’t just my father, but the generations who made my father whose weight was still upon me. (Yezierska, 297) Both of the novels Bread Givers and The Bluest Eye concentrate on the negatives of the patriarchal society. Society has now moved far away from that mind set, however remnants of it can still be seen. They both portray the powerlessness of women, even though one, Sarah, rises above it and takes charge of her own life. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. 1970. London: Chatto and Windus, Ltd. 1979. Yezierska, Anzia. Bread Givers. 1925. Ne